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The same relationship between complexity and shared evolutionary history is true for homologous structures in organisms. However, if two people both invented a hammer, it would be reasonable to conclude that both could have the original idea without the help of the other. Imagine two people from different countries both inventing a car with all the same parts and in exactly the same arrangement without any previous or shared knowledge. The more complex the feature, the more likely any kind of overlap is due to a common evolutionary past. Notice it is not simply a single bone, but rather a grouping of several bones arranged in a similar way. (credit a: modification of work by Steve Hillebrand, USFWS credit b: modification of work by U.S.

Bat and bird wings are homologous structures, indicating that bats and birds share a common evolutionary past. Predator-prey "arms race"Predators evolve better ways to catch prey.Figure 1.

Evolutionary branching trees can show how adaptation leads to new species over time.

Like a family tree, it shows how organisms evolved from common ancestors that may no longer be alive on earth today.

Analyzing the embryos of animals shows that the more closely related the animals are, the more alike their embryos are during development.

The birds’ beaks are shaped differently so they can occupy different niches in the ecosystem. In order to adapt to various environmental conditions, the two groups develop into distinct species due to differences in the demands driven by the environmental circumstances.ĭarwin’s finches show a path towards divergent evolution.

a group from a specific population develops into a new species.

In different parts of the world, ant eating animals developed long snouts and powerful digging paws.

Organisms that are NOT related evolve similar traits as a result of evolving to fit into similar environments or ecological niches.They have the same function and shape, but are made differently.Īnalagous structures help to show Convergent Evolution The wings of the bat, butterfly, and bird are made of different coverings, and insects do not have internal bones.

The bones of the bat, mouse, and human are homologous.

Homologous Structures (flowers)Broccoli and Cauliflower evolved from Mustard